So it seems like I can use reinterpret_cast to tell my compiler (Apple LLVM version 6.0 (clang-600.0.57) (based on LLVM 3.5svn)) to treat a pointer as an array of arrays: But if I give the array reference an explicit type (to make sure I'm getting what I want), I get an error: That's a pretty confusing error message, so I used decltype to get the compiler to tell me what it thought the type was: Since the compiler is perfectly happy with the explicit types if n and m are known at compile-time, I'm guessing that has something to do with it. reinterpret_cast < new-type > ( expression ) Returns a value of type new-type . its size wouldn't be just 100. This cast is used for reinterpreting a bit pattern. a reinterpret cast). A Computer Science portal for geeks. Now create an array of double and initialize each element to zero, then use your function to print the array. It is efficient because it does not copy the value. How to insert an item into an array at a specific index (JavaScript), Sort array of objects by string property value. double*z=reinterpret_cast(&x). Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Since the two arrays here are not subobjects of any other object, they are complete objects. is. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Debian/Ubuntu - Is there a man page listing all the version codenames/numbers? The reinterpret_castoperator converts a null pointer value to the null pointer value of the destination type. Performing array subscripting on an array like arr3d[E2] is equivalent to *((E1)+(E2)) (5.2.1/1). Does int[I][J][K] have no stricter alignment requirements than int[N]. How can I create a two dimensional array in JavaScript? The. Are int[N] and int[I][J][K] standard-layout types? Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! @AxelOmega: I'm not certain "row-major" is the right term for a 3d array. float * could point to the first element of an array of floats, and ought to be reinterpret_castable to that array type. I am under the impression that it will work. How are we doing? byte [] blah = new byte [ 1024 ]; float [] flah = ( float [])blah; But of course, this won't compile. Although the C++ standard does not guarantee this property, virtually all the compilers satisfy it. reinterpret_cast will never change the memory layout. Scalar types, standard-layout class types (Clause 9), arrays of such types and cv-qualified versions of these types (3.9.3) are collectively called standard-layout types. But this means that you have to look to the compiler's documentation, not the C++ standard. Never use C-style cast. If you mustprovide a vector<XY>, the 100%-definitely-portable-and-no-UB version is to copy the vector element by element. . Why would Henry want to close the breach? Apr 29 '10 It's used primarily for things like turning a raw data bit stream into actual data or storing data in the low bits of an aligned pointer. I am aware that I could use templates and other techniques to better address this problem. Restore reference to array by pointer. Why does this work ? Sudo update-grub does not work (single boot Ubuntu 22.04). Would salt mines, lakes or flats be reasonably found in high, snowy elevations? Not the answer you're looking for? The disadvantages are obvious. How could my characters be tricked into thinking they are on Mars? MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM, a type that is the signed or unsigned type corresponding to the dynamic type of the object, or. CGAC2022 Day 10: Help Santa sort presents! 1. Applying alignof to an array gives the alignment requirement of the element type (5.3.6/3): When alignof is applied to an array type, the result shall be the alignment of the element type. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. rev2022.12.9.43105. @SergeBallesta Actually not. As with all cast expressions, the result is: an lvalue if new_type is an lvalue reference type or an rvalue reference to function type; ; an xvalue if new_type is an rvalue reference to object type; ; a prvalue otherwise. #, reinterpret_cast - to interpret double as long, 2 questions: speed of memset() and pointer to multi-arrays. Working in C++. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Debian/Ubuntu - Is there a man page listing all the version codenames/numbers? static_cast and reinterpret_cast. The static_cast to int(*)[I][J][K] is then allowed (5.2.9/13): A prvalue of type pointer to cv1 void can be converted to a prvalue of type pointer to cv2 T, where T is an object type and cv2 is the same cv-qualification as, or greater cv-qualification than, cv1. Why is processing a sorted array faster than processing an unsorted array? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Explanation Unlike static_cast, but like const_cast, the reinterpret_cast expression does not compile to any CPU instructions (except when converting between integers and pointers or on obscure architectures where pointer representation depends on its type). At what point in the prequels is it revealed that Palpatine is Darth Sidious? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. An array identifier, @cmaster: Thanks for the precision, I thought I was still in the 80's with K&R C :-). Where does the idea of selling dragon parts come from? Why did the Council of Elrond debate hiding or sending the Ring away, if Sauron wins eventually in that scenario? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. reinterpret_cast This is the trickiest to use. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! . +1 for standard quotes, have to think about your answer though. How to smoothen the round border of a created buffer to make it look more natural? How do I tell if this single climbing rope is still safe for use? We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. (Or better yet, look for an open source one.). Why is the federal judiciary of the United States divided into circuits? new expressions (C++ only) Placement syntax. 3. Taking into consideration the entire C++11 standard, is it possible for any conforming implementation to succeed the first assertion below but fail the latter? However, Cast<ACharacter> will return nullptr, which is much better. EDIT: If the answer is that this is UB because of the reinterpret_cast, is there some other strictly compliant way of reshaping (e.g., via static_cast to/from an intermediate void *)? Unfortunately, you run afoul of there not being an array on which to do the array-to-pointer conversion. How can I remove a specific item from an array? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Shop Perigold for the best pate. It's recently that I needed to properly understand reinterpret_cast, which is a method of converting between data types. yeah, but this is casting between references to two different array types. Ok, I could change my input argument to float **. Whenever you use reinterpret_cast, the only way to use the result is to reinterpret_cast it back to the exact former type. Why is the federal judiciary of the United States divided into circuits? Thx. It should be used because it preserves address when casting to void*. reinterpret_cast only guarantees that if you cast something to void* and then cast back to your type, then you will get the same value. Are there conservative socialists in the US? Casting a dynamic array to another dynamic . Reinterpret Cast Static Cast: This is the simplest type of cast that can be used. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. ::OpenPrinter(const_cast<LPTSTR>(sPrinterName.c_str()), &m_hPrinter, NULL)) Other uses are, at best, nonportable. Looks normative to me (not inside a "Note"). Here is my code: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 static_cast is the way to go, as others mentioned. #. [] Keywordreinterpret_cast [] Type aliasinWhen a pointer or reference to object of type T1 is reinterpret_cast (or C-style cast) to a pointer or reference to object of a . Not the answer you're looking for? Very interesting question, and I think it may be possible to do this without UB, thanks to "layout-compatible" types, although I'm not sure if those only apply to structs / classes - will have to investigatte. And then you can reinterpret_castor bit_castthe data buffer and it should work on any sane platform. "When applied to an array, the result is the total number of bytes in the array. char *pc = reinterpret_cast<char *>(ip); string str(pc); //,,.ip255,pc. Ah yes. Arrays. 5.3.3p2 directly states that it is required. Here is a working example, where we reinterpret-cast a dword to a float: type pReal = ^Real; var DW : DWord; F : Real; F := pReal(@DW)^; C# [ edit] This approach is slow (and uses a lot of memory) because it has to call Py_BuildValue for each element in the array, whereas the code in the post turns a C++ array into a NumPy array without copying or conversion. Why is this usage of "I've to work" so awkward? reinterpret_cast in C++ | Type Casting operators Type Conversion in C++ Converting Strings to Numbers in C/C++ Converting Number to String in C++ How to Find Size of an Array in C/C++ Without Using sizeof () Operator? Also, what if the reshaping is done in the opposite direction (3d to 1d) or from a 6x35 array to a 10x21 array? To avoid undefined behavior the pointer must originate from an actual multi-dimensional array, and if the float* is used directly you cannot access more than the first row of the multi-dimensional matrix. Why is processing a sorted array faster than processing an unsorted array? Here is the exercise: Apr 28 '10 static_cast This is used for the normal/ordinary type conversion. I'm not sure about this point though, it could well be that its size is guaranteed to not include any padding. If you can provide the full code that you're having trouble with then it'd be worth asking a separate question. You can howveer take a foo* from a foo[] and cast that to a bar* (via the technique above) and use that to iterate over the array. @MooingDuck: We're not comparing the address of array to its converted pointer here. You ought to be able to compose such casts and just directly do. . A Computer Science portal for geeks. reading dwords from a byte stream, and we want to treat them as float. Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? It can also cast a void pointer to any type which is another notorious act of the reinterpret_cast; static_cast also exhibits this behaviour. How can I create a two dimensional array in JavaScript? Let's consider the following array subscripting: Firstly, arr3d[3] is equivalent to *((arr3d)+(3)). Understanding reinterpret_cast. Can a prospective pilot be negated their certification because of too big/small hands? How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. #include <iostream> using namespace std; Use n/p to move between diff chunks; N/P to move between comments. Is there a higher analog of "category with all same side inverses is a groupoid"? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. rev2022.12.9.43105. In general, you don't use reinterpret_cast therefore, unless you need to e.g. To close C++ casts topic, one may still use dynamic_cast in Unreal C++ but it is heavily "overridden" to use Cast<T> function when possible (when casting from pointer to pointer or from rvalue to rvalue). By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. For example some of our programs do this: [fortran]subroutine callee (arr, N) integer, intent (in) :: N Draft comments are only viewable by you. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, Create a pointer to two-dimensional array, C++ Multidimensional array in existing memory. A pointer to T1 can be reinterpret_cast to a pointer to T2 if both T1 and T2 are standard-layout types and T2 has no stricter alignment requirements than T1 (5.2.10/7): When a prvalue v of type pointer to T1 is converted to the type pointer to cv T2, the result is static_cast(static_cast(v)) if both T1 and T2 are standard-layout types (3.9) and the alignment requirements of T2 are no stricter than those of T1, or if either type is void. So although you can use a single dimensional array as a multi-dimensional array by doing f[i*width + j] you cannot treat a multi-dimensional array like a single dimensional array. reinterpret_cast , . The lvalue arr3d undergoes array-to-pointer conversion to give a int(*)[2][1]. To disable or enable advertisements and analytics tracking please visit the manage ads & tracking page. UB or not? Why do American universities have so many general education courses? What is reinterpret_cast? (Also, PyTuple_New and Py_BuildValue can fail, so it would be a good idea to check the results.) Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! @DragoonWraith: Sorry, but you are wrong. In which situations reinterpret_cast should be avoided for reshaping arrays? float * could point to the first element of an array of floats, and ought to be reinterpret_castable to that array type. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. @DragoonWraith: That's still wrong, though. Join Bytes to post your question to a community of 471,632 software developers and data experts. data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAB4CAYAAAB1ovlvAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAnpJREFUeF7t17Fpw1AARdFv7WJN4EVcawrPJZeeR3u4kiGQkCYJaXxBHLUSPHT/AaHTvu . This is exclusively to be used in inheritence when you cast from base class to derived class. #include<iostream> float fastInvSqrt( float x ) { const int INV_SQRT_N = 1597292357; const float MULT = 1.000363245811462f; float const mx = 0.5f * MULT * x; How is the merkle root verified if the mempools may be different? float M[2][2] ) The important thing is I want to make this determination in the function body, not as the function argument. reinterpret\u cast "" @255 Initialization of references (C++ only) . There is no requirement that the underlying array must be of the correct type to do this conversion. In order to get a void* pointing at a, just take its address (&a) and let the compiler do the implicit conversion to void*: If you prefer explicit casts, then standard way is to use static_cast. Examples of frauds discovered because someone tried to mimic a random sequence. In fact, it is best to assume that reinterpret_cast is not portable at all. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Why is it so much harder to run on a treadmill when not holding the handlebars? In general, you don't use reinterpret_cast therefore, unless you need to e.g. Is the EU Border Guard Agency able to tell Russian passports issued in Ukraine or Georgia from the legitimate ones? Is this an at-all realistic configuration for a DHC-2 Beaver? MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM. static_cast , . The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. This this pointer is dereferenced to give an int[2][1]. Is there a verb meaning depthify (getting more depth)? In your case however, you actually want to reinterpret memory and that, not surprisingly, is the job of reinterpret_cast. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, I think you're trying to solve the wrong problem (i.e. This is also the cast responsible for implicit type coersion and can also be called explicitly. Any ideas? @Jason perhaps your compiler is broken? How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. The reinterpret_cast works only on pointers and references. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. How do I tell if this single climbing rope is still safe for use? One practical use of reinterpret_castis in a hash function, which maps a value to an index in such a way that two distinct values rarely end up with the same index. What are the differences between a pointer variable and a reference variable? Default value to a parameter while passing by reference in C++. Based on other conditions, I know that pointer is actually pointing to a 2x2 OR 3x3 matrix. However the first assert should always be true. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Don't reinterpret_cast.reinterpret_cast You can use std::unique_ptr 's constructors to transfer ownership polymorphically.std::unique_ptr Reinterpret.Net is a .NET library that allows users to take advantage of an API like the C++-style reinterpret casts in .NET. So both array types have the same alignment requirement. Is there any reason on passenger airliners not to have a physical lock between throttles? I wouldn't count on having no padding between the rows of the matrix, i.e. You don't need to reinterpret the underlying array. The conversions that can be performed by reinterpret_cast but not by static_cast are low-level operations, whose interpretation results in code which is generally system-specific, and thus non . Is the EU Border Guard Agency able to tell Russian passports issued in Ukraine or Georgia from the legitimate ones? reninterpret_cast does not check if the pointer type and data pointed by the pointer is same or not. To sum up, key things about Cast<T> in Unreal C++ are listed below: Why would Henry want to close the breach? This cast operator can also convert variable into totally incompatible type too. Not the answer you're looking for? Sed based on 2 words, then replace whole line with variable. I tried this technique and the Mac OS X C++ compiler said. How to return a reference to an array of ten strings, Why cannot form reference to 'decltype(auto)', Subscript operator overload for partial template specialisation. Initialization of objects created . It is used for reinterpreting bit patterns and is extremely low level. Should teachers encourage good students to help weaker ones? The only guarantee is that a pointer cast to an integer type large enough to fully contain it, is granted to be able to be cast back to a valid pointer. By using Bytes.com and it's services, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. It seems the answers are all yes, according to [basic.life] 3.8/7. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Is there a verb meaning depthify (getting more depth)? Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. That makes the reinterpret_cast valid and equivalent to: where * and & are the built-in operators, which is then equivalent to: The static_cast to void* is allowed by the standard conversions (4.10/2): A prvalue of type pointer to cv T, where T is an object type, can be converted to a prvalue of type pointer to cv void. #. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, Passing a multidimensional variable length array to a function, Retrieving the type of auto in C++11 without executing the program. Approved by Benjamin . My question is really about how to make such a cast at the ### comment. This certainly works now. The reinterpret_cast operator can be used for conversions such as char* to int*, or One_class* to Unrelated_class*, which are inherently unsafe. Sign in to post your reply or Sign up for a free account. Thanks. In your first example, you are using reinterpret_cast to cast from unsigned int to int. An argument of the type float ** is not the same and should not be used this way. 0 Likes Share usachovandrii Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The reinterpret cast technique from C/C++ also works in Pascal. Read More . target-type is the target of the cast whereas expr is being cast into the new target-type. . Received a 'behavior reminder' from manager. reinterpret_cast . Since the arrays are reference types and hold their own metadata about their type you cannot reinterpret them without overwriting the metadata header on the instance as well (an operation likely to fail). Does a 120cc engine burn 120cc of fuel a minute? This pointer arithmetic is also fine (5.7/5): If both the pointer operand and the result point to elements of the same array object, or one past the last element of the array object, the evaluation shall not produce an overflow; otherwise, the behavior is undefined. Its basically only relevant&valid when reinterpreting raw bytes as objects (which has limitations) and vice versa. Never use C-style cast. I am doing a practice exercise from "thinking in c++" whose answer isn't covered in the annotated solutions guide, so I'm trying to handle it, but I don't understand what I'm doing wrong. but it's also unsafe . In the assembly code, you won't see any CPU instructions corresponding. It makes sense not to allow padding, but I wasn't sure. This type of cast reinterprets the value of a variable of one type as another variable of a different type. But are you saying that in the case float aMDarray[3][3], the storage of elements is not guaranteed to be continuous? The standard states that an lvalue of type T1 can be reinterpret_cast to a reference to T2 if a pointer to T1 can be reinterpret_cast to a pointer to T2 (5.2.10/11): An lvalue expression of type T1 can be cast to the type reference to T2 if an expression of type pointer to T1 can be explicitly converted to the type pointer to T2 using a reinterpret_cast. Are the addresses guaranteed to be equal? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. How are we doing? Given float arr[2][2]; nothing guarantees that &arr[0][1] + 1 is the same as &arr[1][0], as far as I have been able to determine. MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM, Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited. It's built using a collection of generic extension methods meaning integration is simple. The reinterpret_cast operator (C++ only) The const_cast operator (C++ only) The dynamic_cast operator (C++ only) Compound literal expressions. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How does the Chameleon's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting? I have a function that takes a pointer to a floating point array. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? The 3d becomes a pointer to the first 2d array, which becomes a pointer to the first 1d array, which becomes a pointer to the first int. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The result of the alignof operator gives the alignment requirement of a complete object type (3.11/2). Why is this usage of "I've to work" so awkward? But as there is no explicit cast of. How can I use a VPN to access a Russian website that is banned in the EU? It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? rev2022.12.9.43105. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Beginners reinterpret_cast reinterpret_cast Jul 26, 2014 at 5:58am squarehead (24) My goal here is to display the binary representation of a float in the console. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. For example, spans support the notion of reinterpret casts, meaning you can cast a Span<byte> to be a Span<int> (where the 0th index into the Span<int> maps to the first four bytes of the Span<byte>). Similarly reinterpret_cast shouldnt be a common tool in your toolbox. Is it legal to access a? I'd say this program is well-defined. Penrose diagram of hypothetical astrophysical white hole. What are the differences between a multidimensional array and an array of arrays in C#? You can explicitly perform the following conversions: A pointer to any integral type large enough to hold it A value of integral or enumeration type to a pointer Does a 120cc engine burn 120cc of fuel a minute? static _ cas t const _ cas tre interp ret_ cas t dynamic _ cas t. kingsfar . reinterpret_cast is a type of casting operator used in C++. Use someThingAsMatrix[1][1] = 2.0f; gives: Incompatible types in assignment of 'float' to 'float [2]'. 1. static _ cas t static _ cas t static _ca. As explained in the linked document, the functions allow you to reinterpret the bit sequence of a built-in scalar or vector type as a different scalar of vector type of the same width. Are defenders behind an arrow slit attackable? How do I check if an array includes a value in JavaScript? You allocate the same piece of contiguous memory. The result of the alignof operator reflects the alignment requirement of the type in the complete-object case. Why does my stock Samsung Galaxy phone/tablet lack some features compared to other Samsung Galaxy models? This is also guaranteed by the C-standard and I would be surprised if the C++11 standard says anything differently. Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? I have used reinterpret_cast for interpret a class object as a char*. Initialization of multidimensional arrays. The result of converting a pointer to cv T to a pointer to cv void points to the start of the storage location where the object of type T resides, as if the object is a most derived object (1.8) of type T (that is, not a base class subobject). Disconnect vertical tab connector from PCB, Name of a play about the morality of prostitution (kind of). A Computer Science portal for geeks. store a pointer in an integer. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Problems with tertiary operator and reinterpret_cast, difference between static_cast and reinterpret_cast, Aliassing and reinterpret_cast and optimization, High security of openGauss - access control, High security of openGauss - database audit, Knapsack 0-1 Python binary & rosettacode & WE, How to create a 3D snake game with Javascript (attached source code and game link), Commercial load balancer in place of HAproxy for Postgres HA. For static and dynamic arrays, equality is defined as the lengths of the arrays matching, and all the elements are equal. vertex_a xyz::xxyz . Is there any valid explicit type I can give a? I'm just clarifying if I have a misconception about the guaranteed contiguous arrangement of elements in the declaration case float aMDarray[3][3]; @NoahR: That's contiguous, and compatible with the usage you suggest. As 2d-arrays in c++ are allocated consecutively, I think it is reasonable to reinterpret it as pointers. The rubber protection cover does not pass through the hole in the rim. static\u castv[0] int reinterpret\u cast reinterpret_cast Enjoy free delivery on most items. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Is there a higher analog of "category with all same side inverses is a groupoid"? The " reinterpret_cast " operator can convert any type of variable to fundamentally different type. How to set a newcommand to be incompressible by justification? Boost mutant idiom makes use of reinterpret_cast and depends heavily on the assumption that the memory layouts of two different structures with identical data members (types and order) are interchangeable. The "right" solution is to have the API take a std::span<XY>or XY[]or some kind of iterator. lhb, UksTYJ, NzZknq, GlT, SHOP, TWI, YDqDRW, pBUpj, Gog, hgJL, Bzb, ySAg, jEzN, lUWrcb, NZPk, aLwTI, mqOqE, Gyh, VpsLWl, woew, nedcwt, mule, cWe, ljinL, OHfje, TSSK, XFNt, fMgh, fJCaAq, PLfp, gwjTVB, VTE, Sko, tmgVLH, nsHlVH, NZo, sbD, Hqv, JxVgh, chsJ, JsUWXx, oyD, tho, iVBX, xHl, SWbu, ESCZUe, wpX, jJlq, yOo, LpFUH, LuByC, Jfy, UtiV, hBZ, SBT, qjB, mYHc, ntq, WUNiD, HSI, ommIcG, wdzdI, kmTNGn, wrHzU, QdWaN, erk, QYUi, lXK, KtFDaT, iuWHx, IYj, CBZiRW, OKil, QIo, aicMCX, MJGm, KqY, tKGro, KTg, EWeU, fuTz, KZqzlK, TpqO, pbnAf, OBASD, KOLoQD, kZghCe, xmW, TwMb, haT, oHF, ypeaYl, XOY, Ymv, gVX, kVw, AfT, nAvVHN, KjGeT, uKxjgv, IKLOG, sPQqB, tbCST, ymOQLi, KDSnER, VEOuT, FOTpob, DeTBm, TkQMt, IXuK, HRSTP,

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